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Title
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Lloyd’s Subscription Room
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1809
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Description
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Ackermann, R., The Microcosm of London, Vol. II, London 1809 Plate no. 49
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Title
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William Whiston - fig.2 for A New Theory of the Earth (London, 5th edn., 1737)
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1737
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Description
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This figure traces the path of a comet to show how the Earth’s elliptic orbit was caused. Newton and Edmond Halley had worked hard to demonstrate that comets were predictable, periodic bodies which therefore could not be used to prognosticate divine interventions in the natural order. Yet they also suggested that comets deposited aethers to revitalize a spiritually depleted Earth. Whiston liked this mixture of close geometrical analysis with divine mechanism, and extended the discussion. He argued that comets had been responsible for key moments in the Earth’s natural and biblical history - for instance, it was a great comet that had caused the Deluge. He even equated comets with Hell: as they moved in their highly eccentric orbits, they alternated between the “Darkness of Torment” and the “ungodly Smoak of Fire.” For Whiston, comets thus became “the place of Punishment for wicked Men after the general Resurrection.”
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Title
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J.T Desaguliers - plate 32 from A Course of Experimental Philosophy (London, 1734-44)
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Description
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Jean Theophilus Desaguliers, a protestant refugee from France, established himself as one of the most prominent advocates of the Newtonian philosophy in the first quarter of the eighteenth century. While trying to clarify some of the theoretical aspects of Newtonianism, he also became deeply concerned with the religious, social and political implications of Newton’s work: for example, at the accession of George II in 1727 Desaguliers published a panegyric entitled The Newtonian System of the World: the best Model of Government. The 32nd plate shows the use of the planetarium to display the phenomena produced by the Earth’s rotation about its axis.
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Title
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Plate from “Ansei kenbunshi”
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Format
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photograph: print
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Description
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Damage following the great earthquake of 1855 near Tokyo (the “Ansei earthquake”). Accounts of the disaster were suppressed by the government, making them today extremely rare. This plate is from “Ansei kenbunshi” (Observations of the Ansei Era), printed in Tokyo, 1856. George W. Housner book collection.
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Title
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Debating Society, Piccadilly
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Format
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photograph: print
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Date
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1808
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Description
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Ackermann, R., The Microcosm of London, Vol. I, London 1808 Plate no. 29b
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Title
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Military College, Chelsea
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1810
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Description
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Ackermann, R., The Microcosm of London, Vol. III, London 1809-1810 Plate no. 99
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Title
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Trinity House
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1809
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Description
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Ackermann, R., The Microcosm of London, Vol. III, London 1809-1810 Plate no. 87
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Title
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Newton - frontispiece to the Method of Fluxions
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1736
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Description
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Isaac Newton & John Colson (editor & “perpetual commentator”) The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series (Cambridge, 1736) John Colson was Cambridge University’s fifth Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The image accompanied a text that was published to evince Newton’s priority of the calculus and to respond to attacks on “infidel mathematicians” by men such as George Berkeley. Colson hoped to show that the calculus is a rational and tangible means of expressing real motions in real space. To explain the second derivative Colson has the reader imagine an attempt to pot two ducks with one shot. The bottom fowl flies at a constant velocity while the top flies with a uniformly accelerating motion, thus representing “contemporaneous fluents.” The “fluent” curve which the hunter’s eye traces represents the second derivative.
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Title
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J.-A. Nollet’s popular public lectures on physics
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Format
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photograph: print
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Date
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1757
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Description
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J.-A. Nollet’s popular public lectures on physics given in Paris during the 1730s included demonstrations on some 350 different instruments. The lectures were published in 6 volumes as Leçons de physique experimentale and then widely translated, into Italian, English, German, Spanish, and Russian. This page is from the Spanish edition, Lecciones de physica experimental, of 1757. George W. Housner Rare Book Collection.
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Title
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John Keill - title page for An Examination of Dr. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth: with some Remarks on Mr. Whiston’s New Theory of the Earth (London, 1734)
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1734
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Description
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John Keill, Oxford’s Savilian Professor of Mathematics, was one of the principal apostles of Newtonian mathematics who helped to establish Newton reputation in the face of the claims of Leibniz and others. in this work Keill attacked Thomas Burnet for his Cartesian Sacred Theory of the Earth, and William Whiston for his own natural philosophical account of the Earth’s early history. Keill accused Burnet of manifesting arrogance by proposing a systematic solution to such difficult problems - and he pointed out that Newton had proved in his Principia that the vortices to which Descartes appealed were physically impossible. In his assault on Whiston, he singled out the latter’s argument that a comet had given rise to Noah’s flood and, in consequence, the oceans that persist today.
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Title
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Oculus Enoch et Eliae, sive Radius Sideromysticus pars Prima
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1645
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Description
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Anton Maria Schyrleus (1597-1660) was a Capuchin priest and professor, who worked in Bohemia, Trier and Ravenna. His astronomical work was completed in the low countries in the 1640s, and resulted in this rather unusual work -- a richly illustrated example of baroque natural philosophy. The Oculus might be considered a mystical work, reflecting the harmonies of an earth-centered, Tychonic cosmos in scriptural terms. The illustrations give a vivid impression of its combination of technical astronomy and mechanics with rich symbolism.
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Title
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Temple Church
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1809
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Description
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Ackermann, R., The Microcosm of London, Vol. III, London 1809-1810 Plate no. 84
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Title
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Galileo, portrait of three astronomers, frontispiece from Dialogo...sopra i due Massimi Sistemi del Mondo, Tolemaico, e Copernicano (Dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems, the Ptolemaic and the Copernican), Florence, 1632
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Format
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photograph: negative
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Date
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1632
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Description
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The portrait by one of the ablest engravers of the time, Stephano Della Bella, depicts (left to right) Aristotle, Ptolemy and Copernicus earnestly discussing astronomical matters. The subject of their debate is represented by the armillary sphere which Ptolemy holds in his right hand, while Copernicus holds a representation of the new heliocentric system. An arrow, barely visible on the ground to the left of the publisher’s seal, points to Copernicus.
